Text-level semantics

<p>You can reach Michael at:</p>

<ul>
  <li><a href="https://example.com">Website</a></li>
  <li><a href="mailto:m.bluth@example.com">Email</a></li>
  <li><a href="tel:+123456789">Phone</a></li>
</ul>

li {
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

<p>Get out of bed <em>now</em>!</p>

<p>We <em>had</em> to do something about it.</p>

<p>This is <em>not</em> a drill!</p>

em {
  /* Add your styles here */
}

<p>
  ... the most important rule, the rule you can never forget, no matter how much
  he cries, no matter how much he begs:
  <strong>never feed him after midnight</strong>.
</p>

p {
  font-size: 1rem;
}

<p>
  MDN Web Docs is a learning platform for Web technologies and the software that
  powers the Web.
</p>

<hr />

<p>
  <small
    >The content is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5
    Generic License.</small
  >
</p>

small {
  font-size: 0.7em;
}

<p><s>There will be a few tickets available at the box office tonight.</s></p>

<p>SOLD OUT!</p>

s {
  /* Add your styles here */
}

<figure>
  <blockquote>
    <p>
      It was a bright cold day in April, and the clocks were striking thirteen.
    </p>
  </blockquote>
  <figcaption>
    First sentence in
    <cite
      ><a href="http://www.george-orwell.org/1984/0.html"
        >Nineteen Eighty-Four</a
      ></cite
    >
    by George Orwell (Part 1, Chapter 1).
  </figcaption>
</figure>

cite {
  /* Add your styles here */
}

<p>
  When Dave asks HAL to open the pod bay door, HAL answers:
  <q
    cite="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0062622/quotes/?item=qt0396921&ref_=ext_shr_lnk">
    I'm sorry, Dave. I'm afraid I can't do that.
  </q>
</p>

q {
  font-style: italic;
}

<p>
  A <dfn id="def-validator">validator</dfn> is a program that checks for syntax
  errors in code or documents.
</p>

dfn {
  /* Add your styles here */
}

<p>
  You can use <abbr>CSS</abbr> (Cascading Style Sheets) to style your
  <abbr>HTML</abbr> (HyperText Markup Language). Using style sheets, you can
  keep your <abbr>CSS</abbr> presentation layer and <abbr>HTML</abbr> content
  layer separate. This is called "separation of concerns."
</p>

abbr {
  font-style: italic;
  color: chocolate;
}

<ruby> 明日 <rp>(</rp><rt>Ashita</rt><rp>)</rp> </ruby>

ruby {
  font-size: 2em;
}

<ruby>
  漢 <rp>(</rp><rt>kan</rt><rp>)</rp> 字 <rp>(</rp><rt>ji</rt><rp>)</rp>
</ruby>

ruby {
  font-size: 2em;
}

<ruby>
  漢 <rp>(</rp><rt>kan</rt><rp>)</rp> 字 <rp>(</rp><rt>ji</rt><rp>)</rp>
</ruby>

ruby {
  font-size: 2em;
}

<p>New Products:</p>
<ul>
  <li><data value="398">Mini Ketchup</data></li>
  <li><data value="399">Jumbo Ketchup</data></li>
  <li><data value="400">Mega Jumbo Ketchup</data></li>
</ul>

data:hover::after {
  content: " (ID " attr(value) ")";
  font-size: 0.7em;
}

<p>
  The Cure will be celebrating their 40th anniversary on
  <time datetime="2018-07-07">July 7</time> in London's Hyde Park.
</p>

<p>
  The concert starts at <time datetime="20:00">20:00</time> and you'll be able
  to enjoy the band for at least <time datetime="PT2H30M">2h 30m</time>.
</p>

time {
  font-weight: bold;
}

<p>
  The <code>push()</code> method adds one or more elements to the end of an
  array and returns the new length of the array.
</p>

code {
  background-color: #eeeeee;
  border-radius: 3px;
  font-family: "Courier New", monospace;
  padding: 0 3px;
}

<p>
  The volume of a box is <var>l</var> × <var>w</var> × <var>h</var>, where
  <var>l</var> represents the length, <var>w</var> the width and
  <var>h</var> the height of the box.
</p>

var {
  font-weight: bold;
}

<p>I was trying to boot my computer, but I got this hilarious message:</p>

<p>
  <samp>Keyboard not found <br />Press F1 to continue</samp>
</p>

samp {
  font-weight: bold;
}

<p>
  Please press <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>Shift</kbd> + <kbd>R</kbd> to re-render an
  MDN page.
</p>

kbd {
  background-color: #eeeeee;
  border-radius: 3px;
  border: 1px solid #b4b4b4;
  box-shadow:
    0 1px 1px rgb(0 0 0 / 0.2),
    0 2px 0 0 rgb(255 255 255 / 0.7) inset;
  color: #333333;
  display: inline-block;
  font-size: 0.85em;
  font-weight: bold;
  line-height: 1;
  padding: 2px 4px;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

<p>
  Almost every developer's favorite molecule is
  C<sub>8</sub>H<sub>10</sub>N<sub>4</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, also known as
  "caffeine."
</p>

p {
  font:
    1rem "Fira Sans",
    sans-serif;
}

<p>
  The <em>Pythagorean theorem</em> is often expressed as the following equation:
</p>

<p>
  <var>a<sup>2</sup></var> + <var>b<sup>2</sup></var> = <var>c<sup>2</sup></var>
</p>

p {
  font:
    1rem "Fira Sans",
    sans-serif;
}

<p>I looked at it and thought <i>This can't be real!</i></p>

<p>
  <i>Musa</i> is one of two or three genera in the family <i>Musaceae</i>; it
  includes bananas and plantains.
</p>

<p>
  The term <i>bandwidth</i> describes the measure of how much information can
  pass through a data connection in a given amount of time.
</p>

i {
  /* Add your styles here */
}

<p>
  The two most popular science courses offered by the school are
  <b class="term">chemistry</b> (the study of chemicals and the composition of
  substances) and <b class="term">physics</b> (the study of the nature and
  properties of matter and energy).
</p>

b {
  /* Add your styles here */
}

<p>
  You could use this element to highlight <u>speling</u> mistakes, so the writer
  can <u>corect</u> them.
</p>

p {
  margin: 0;
}

u {
  text-decoration: red wavy underline;
}

<p>Search results for "salamander":</p>

<hr />

<p>
  Several species of <mark>salamander</mark> inhabit the temperate rainforest of
  the Pacific Northwest.
</p>

<p>
  Most <mark>salamander</mark>s are nocturnal, and hunt for insects, worms, and
  other small creatures.
</p>

mark {
  /* Add your styles here */
}

<h1>World wrestling championships</h1>

<ul>
  <li><bdi class="name">Evil Steven</bdi>: 1st place</li>
  <li><bdi class="name">François fatale</bdi>: 2nd place</li>
  <li><span class="name">سما</span>: 3rd place</li>
  <li><bdi class="name">الرجل القوي إيان</bdi>: 4th place</li>
  <li><span class="name" dir="auto">سما</span>: 5th place</li>
</ul>

html {
  font-family: sans-serif;
}

bdi {
  /* Add your styles here */
}

.name {
  color: red;
}

<h1>Famous seaside songs</h1>

<p>The English song "Oh I do like to be beside the seaside"</p>

<p>
  Looks like this in Hebrew:
  <span dir="rtl">אה, אני אוהב להיות ליד חוף הים</span>
</p>

<p>
  In the computer's memory, this is stored as
  <bdo dir="ltr">אה, אני אוהב להיות ליד חוף הים</bdo>
</p>

html {
  font-family: sans-serif;
}

bdo {
  /* Add your styles here */
}

<p>
  Add the <span class="ingredient">basil</span>,
  <span class="ingredient">pine nuts</span> and
  <span class="ingredient">garlic</span> to a blender and blend into a paste.
</p>

<p>
  Gradually add the <span class="ingredient">olive oil</span> while running the
  blender slowly.
</p>

span.ingredient {
  color: red;
}

<p>
  O'er all the hilltops<br />
  Is quiet now,<br />
  In all the treetops<br />
  Hearest thou<br />
  Hardly a breath;<br />
  The birds are asleep in the trees:<br />
  Wait, soon like these<br />
  Thou too shalt rest.
</p>

p {
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-family: sans-serif;
  margin: 20px;
}

<div id="example-paragraphs">
  <p>Fernstraßenbauprivatfinanzierungsgesetz</p>
  <p>Fernstraßen<wbr />bau<wbr />privat<wbr />finanzierungs<wbr />gesetz</p>
  <p>Fernstraßen&shy;bau&shy;privat&shy;finanzierungs&shy;gesetz</p>
</div>

#example-paragraphs {
  background-color: white;
  overflow: hidden;
  resize: horizontal;
  width: 9rem;
  border: 2px dashed #999999;
}